Since SharePoint is a development platform, virtually anything can be accomplished. In the case of a Employee ID column, there are a number of ways to implement this. The simplest approach would be to create a new column for it. However, there isn't any OOB code that will guarantee its unique.
To guarantee its unique, you would have to write custom code. My recommendation would be to write a custom field for this. It could be done with a custom event handler but that would need to be wired to any list you are using the column.